＜New Research Subjects＞
X-ray microscopy, X-ray imaging
MIRRORCLE used as a source in X-ray microscopy is suitable for hard X-ray imaging. This is due to its magnified projection                   X-ray imaging, micrometer-size X-ray source point, wide radiation angle, broadband spectrum, natural refraction contrase                   imaging and highly brilliant potput.   Currently, we can fabricate 10 micro-meter size point source, and obtain100 times                   magnified imaging by the projection method.  Moreover, the fabrication of 1 micron size X-ray target will result in the realization                   of a X-ray microscopy with 1000 times magnification capability and thus open the door for commercial application.                   In addition, when effective focusing elements of hard X-rays are used for MIRRORCLE, this machine could be used for non                    destructive inspection with high resolution of  biological and engineering materials. Microfocus X-ray tube have achieved                    1 micro-meter source size, but its X-ray imaging  requires too long time exposure. Thus, it is difficult to be of practical use.                   The development of focusing elements and MIRRORCLE  system enables us to observe micro-meter size internal structure                   of semiconductor device in detail, and provides X-ray imaging for quality assurance in the industrial world.
[References]
・H. Yamada, International Symposium on the Methodological Study of Phase Contrast Hard X-ray Imaging of Nanobiological and                          Medical Samples with Synchrotron Radiation, June 5-9, 2006, Beijing, China.
・T. Hirai, H. Yamada, D. Hasegawa, Y. Ogasaka, H. Yamashita, T. Tokunaga, Proc. 8th Int. Conf. X-ray Microscopy IPAP
Conf. Series 7 (2005), pp. 165-167.
・T. Hirai, H. Yamada, M. Sasaki, D. Hasegawa, M. Morita, Y. Oda, J. Takaku, T. Hanashima, N. Nitta, M. Takahashi, and K. Murata,
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 13 (2006) p.397-402
・M. Sasaki, T. Hirai, H. Yamada, M. Morita, J. Takaku, T. Nitta, M. Takahashi, and K. Murata, AIP Conf. Proc. 902 (2007) pp. 41-44
Development of compact synchrotron for protein crystallography
MIRRORCLE-20SX product for protein analysis beamline has been completed, and protein crystallography is an ongoing                    project. When compared to existing synchrotrons, it takes approximately 10 times of the time required for experiment.                    However, large fixed synchrotron facilities are quite inconvenient for researchers,since those keep them waiting for application                    experiment. Thus we expect that the laboratory-scale MIRRORCLE-20SX will find applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
[Reference]
・H. Yamada, T. Hanashima, M. Morita, and Y. Yano, AIP Conf. Proc. 902, 26 (2007).
Downsizing of portable synchrotron "MIRRORCLE"
The 4MeV version of MIRRORCLE designed with magnet size 35cm, is expected to find application in the area of Non-Destructive                    Testing(NDT); for example for inspection of 60cm thick-concrete bridge structure. Designing of the 1 MeV version of                    MIRRORCLE and the electron gun, is shifted to the near future.
[Reference]
・D. Hasegawa and H. Yamada, AIP Conf. Proc., 902 (2007), pp. 19-22
Development of MIRRORCLE type source for 100W EUV lithography
In the area of EUV lithography, the power required from plasma EUV sources representing candidates                  for the next generation EUV sources has not been achieved yet. Also, it is difficult to their selve problems their associated                  with deterioration of EUV emitters with as a result of the formation of debris also damaging the multilayer mirrors.               A MIRRORCLE type synchrotron emitting transition radiation has produced extreme ultraviolet radiation, and has achieved                  an output of approximately 50mW power from carbon target with a thickness of 100nm.              We are developing a source for 100W EUV lithography by injecting high-frequency power , and by setup of a multilayer mirror              for collecting the radiation. Thus the development of MIRRORCLE type sources does not only provide complete solution to the                  debris problems, but it also has the possibility to increase transport efficiency because the emision point has a small in size of                   the order of three microns.
[References]
・N. Toyosugi, D. Minkov, and H. Yamada, AIP Conf. Proc., 902 (2007), pp. 129-132
・D. Minkov, H. Yamada, N. Toyosugi, M. Morita, E. K. Okoye, H. Nihira and M. Hara, AIP Conf. Proc., 902 (2007), pp. 117-120
・ N. Toyosugi, H. Yamada, D. Minkov, M. Morita, T. Yamaguchi and S. Imai, J. Synchrotron Rad. (2007) 14, 212-218.
・ D. Minkov, H. Yamada, N. Toyosugi, T. Yamaguchi, T. Kadono and M. Morita, J. Synchrotron Rad. (2006) 13, 336-342.
Non destructive Testing for architectural structures
Repeated accidents in collapse of bridges have increased the necessity for the inspection of their insides by non-destructive                  testing.  MIRRORCLE is the world's first machine which enables to check pre-stressed concrete bridges within a depth of 40 cm                 to 60 cm.  The X-ray generated by MIRRORCLE has enchanced a level of imaging with its features of high penetrating                  depth and very small size.  We are designing a two-dimentional type detector with high energy X-ray in order to upgrade the                 imaging level.
[References]
・T. Hirai, H. Yamada, M. Sasaki, M. Morita, D. Hasegawa, and T. Nihira, AIP Conf. Proc. 902, (2007) pp. 107.
・平井暢、山田廣成、長谷川大祐、森田正樹、検査技術 133, (2007) pp. 9-14.
Increasing Far Infrared power
The 6MeV version of MIRRORCLE enables to collect far infra-red synchrotron radiation by the placement of an extremely                    accurate barrel shaped mirror with a reflective inside surface that surrounds the electron orbit.  In the wevelength range of                    1mm to 100mm, absorption spectroscopy experiment can be carried out with FTIR.                    MIRRORCLE FIR power output is apporximately twenty-five times that of the common black body radiation FIR source,                    which changed spectroscopy analysis to come a versatile method in the FIR region.The FIR white spectrum from                    MIRRORCLE makes spectroscopy analysis easier and it differs from the free electron laser which radiates only                    monochromatic FIR. As further research plan, we are planning to genere free electron laser by using of the 6MeV model.
[References]
・H. Yamada, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 71-72, (1997), pp. 371-392.
・H. Yamada, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5 (1998) pp. 1326-1331
・A. Moon, N. Miura, H. Yamada, and Md. M. Haque, AIP Conf. Proc. 902, (2007), pp. 23.
Protein dynamics studying using high power Far Infrared Radiation
With MIRRORCLE machine, we have achieved good results in the analysis of liquid solution by absorption spectroscopy,                    because the FIR power generated from MIRRORCLE is suitable for large wavelength absorption by the interactions between                    water and protein.                    Moreover, this is not only for spectroscopy, but also a new research area for measurement of reactions  when FIR with                     particular wavelength excites protein, will be offered.
[References]
・N. Miura, A. Moon, H. Yamada, and T. Kitagawa, AIP Conf. Proc. 902 (2007), pp. 73.
・N. Miura, H. Yamada, A. Moon and T. Kitagawa, Infrared Physics & Technology, (2007)published.
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