Dr. Otsuka Mitsuo is Assistant Professor in Faculty of Sport and Health Science of Ritsumeikan University, and his research manuscript was accepted and published in Journal of Applied Biomechanics, which collaborated with Professor Jae Kun Shim, Toshiyuki Kurihara, Shinsuke Yoshioka, and Tadao Isaka. The study revealed that a more forward-leaning ground reaction force vector may particularly allow well-trained sprinters to generate a greater mean anteroposterior block acceleration than trained and nontrained sprinters, but the magnitude of ground reaction force may not.

Otsuka M., Shim JK., Kurihara T., Yoshioka S., Isaka T. Effect of Expertise on 3D Force Application During the Starting Block Phase and Subsequent Steps in Sprint Running. J Appl Biomech 30(3):390-400, 2014.