Learning, problem solving, and decision-making


This material covers week 7 of the course.

Note that this material is subject to ongoing refinements and updates!

Overview

This theme covers how we learn, problem solve, and make decisions.

The human brain

Our brains consist of three main parts:

Emotional and instinctive responses often precede rational thought. Modern cognitive science tells us though that emotions and rational thought are closely entwined and not completely separate as previously thought.

Learning

Learning from experience

Learned actions

It's easy for us to perform learned actions, for example:

While it's easy for us to perform automatic, well-learned tasks, it's much harder for us to take on novel tasks. Try one of these suggestions from Johnson:


Implications for user interface design

What are the implications from how we learn for interface design?


What is responsiveness?

Responsiveness is:

"related to performance, but it is different. Performance is measured in terms of computations per unit of time. Responsiveness is measured in terms of compliance with human time requirements and... user satisfaction" (Johnson, 2021, p. 152).


In other words, even with supercomputer levels of performance, responsiveness can still be an issue.

Responsive systems

Response systems, according to Johnson:

  1. Let you know immediately that your input was received
  2. Provide some indication of how long operations will take
  3. Free you to do other things while waiting
  4. Manage queued events intelligently
  5. Perform housekeeping and low-priority tasks in the background
  6. Anticipate your most common requests (2021, p. 152).

In order for an interface to be considered responsive according to users, it must adhere to these guidelines:


“Instantly”, in the case here, means roughly 0.1 second.

Creating proper responsive interactive systems

More guidelines for creating proper responsive interactive systems

progress bar example

Figure: A progress bar giving feedback based on a user action (in this class, opening an archive file)

Note that as you're making prototypes with simple functionality for the main assignment, responsiveness won't be an issue for you in the coursework. However, having awareness of this should give you a better sense of why some interfaces are more frustrating to use!




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