Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has attracted increasing attention due to the advantages of low-cost fabrication and simple production processes compared with the conventional silicon and thin-film solar cells. Generally, a DSSC consists of three components: dye-sensitized photoanode made of photoresponsive semiconductor (TiO2) and dye sensitizer, redox electrolyte made of redox couple (I-/I3-), and catalytic counter electrode (Pt).