The notion of “sustainable development” has come to be widely used in the policy debate on the global environmental issues after the Brundland Commission’s 1987 Report “Our Common Future” gave it a definition from the viewpoint of equity between present and future generations of human beings. The following two decades saw various different views applied to this question, yet there has been no consensus attained even on the very basic notion of “sustainability.” It is imperative to enhance interdisciplinary and systematic research and education concerning what “sustainable society” is like, on the way to restructure the present social system, and on the technological strategies required to attain sustainability.