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10 .30Is Studying Abroad for Two Years Worth It?
Photo Credit: Keira Burton @Pexels.com
I was recently talking to a student who is going to study abroad in Australia. He told me he originally wanted to study abroad for two years and in two different countries, the Philippines and Canada. However, the two-year program was too expensive for him, so he was settling for a one-year program.
Our conversation was brief, and the subject changed quickly since other students were involved in the Communication Room discussion. Later on, I wished I had spent more time encouraging the student to reconsider his original plan. He might not realize it, but I think he is going to miss out on a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.
If anyone reading this is thinking of studying abroad, I hope you will seriously consider studying abroad for two years, not just one. Why?
I think the biggest reason is that you will have a life experience that very, very few people ever have. Most people live their entire lives in their native country, and many never leave that country, except for a one or two-week vacation. They know their own culture only.
A very small minority of people, ex-patriots, leave their native country to live in another culture. I am one of these people. I am from the United States, but I have been living in Japan for more than twenty years now and am a permanent resident. Of all the people I grew up with and met in the United States, I am the only person I know of who has left America to live in another country. And I have only lived in one other country, Japan.
How many of the billions of people on Earth get the chance to live not only in one other country besides their native land like I have, but two other countries?
This is an extremely small group of people, and a very fortunate one. Think of the new experiences you could have if you lived in two different countries in two years! How much would you learn, about yourself, about your native culture, about English, and about the two other cultures you would live in?
You can learn a lot at a university, but you would learn even more at two different universities in two different countries. This is a chance you will most likely get only when you are a college student, when you are young enough and flexible enough to adapt to changes more easily.
And when it is time to look for a job, you will have experiences that set you apart from literally everyone else who is applying for the same job. How much is that worth?
Yes, studying abroad for two years is expensive, but you will be rewarded for the rest of your life by being able to travel a road that few have travelled.
I hope you will keep these things in mind as you contemplate studying abroad. You have a chance to truly change your life. Don’t miss it!
Questions
Q1. Why did the student decide to study in only one country abroad?
Q2. What are “ex-patriots”?
Q3. What is the main reason the writer gives for studying in more than one country?
Scroll down ↓ for the answers
A1. Studying in two countries was too expensive.
A2. People who leave their native country to live in another country.
A3. You will have a very rare life experience/This is something that very few people ever do.
BBP Staff -
08 .07Discover the Best Fireworks Festivals in Shiga: A Local's GuidePhoto Credit: designecologist @ unsplash.comAre you ready to enjoy your summer vacation after spring semester? I would like to introduce you to local information about fireworks near BKC, Ritsumeikan University. In Shiga, Japan, firework displays are a popular summertime tradition. These displays are usually held from July to September throughout the country, including Shiga. One notable event is the Lake Biwa Great Firework Festival, where 10,000 fireworks are launched into the air over Lake Biwa. This stunning display of light is accompanied by jets of fountain water, creating a harmonious spectacle. The festival takes place on August 8th, 2023. The launch time is from 19:30 to 20:30. The festival is held in Otsu city, which has convenient access by train from Kyoto and Osaka. You can take the JR Tokaido Line to Otsu Station and then transfer to the Keihan Ishiyama Sakamoto Line to Hamaotsu Station, which is a 10-minute walk from the festival venue.Another fireworks event in Shiga is the Nagahama and Kita-Biwako Great Fireworks, which will be held on September 5th to 8th, 2023. The launch time is from 20:30 to 20:50 each day. The venue for this event is Nagahama Port in Nagahama City, and it can be accessed by an 8-minute walk from JR Nagahama. For more information, please visit the link: https://hanabi.walkerplus.com/detail/ar0725e00792/data.htmlIn addition to these specific events, there are likely other firework displays and festivals that take place in Shiga during the summer season. These events provide an impressive show and are a fantastic way to enjoy the summer in Shiga. Please check official websites or local sources for the most up-to-date information on firework events in Shiga. Enjoy!Questions:1: What is the Nagahama Kita-Biwako Great Firework Festival known for?2: How many fireworks are launched during the Lake Biwa Great Firework Festival?3: When does the Lake Biwa Great Firework Festival take place?Scroll down ↓ for the answersAnswers:Answer 1: It is known for launching more than 10,000 fireworks, focused in the always impressive star mines, beautifully illuminating both the summer sky and the stunning Lake Biwa.Answer 2: 10,000 fireworks are launched into the air over Lake Biwa during the Lake Biwa Great Fireworks Festival.Answer 3: It will be held on August 8th, 2023.Akiko Watanabe
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07 .31Food for ThoughtPhoto Credit: Kai Reschke @ PixabayHave you ever wondered why Japan has curry when none of your near Asian neighbours have it? Some of you may be fully aware of the answer, but some of you may not. The answer is Japanese curry is from the English via India. In the Meiji period, the Japanese Navy worked closely with the Royal Navy and it was introduced to the Japanese public in the 1870s from the Japanese Navy. To this day in the Japanese Navy, Friday is curry day.And, talking about Indian food, what do you think of? Curry? Of course. Spicy? Usually. Potatoes? Tomatoes? In fact, chillies, potatoes and tomatoes were introduced to India from South America in the 1600s by the Portuguese, and they, the Indians, made wonderful use of them. Then chillies spread to China, Korea (imagine kimchi without spice) and the rest of Asia.Why do Americans call chips (British English) French Fries? French Fries are from Belgium from Spain from Peru and Bolivia. They’re called “French Fries” in America because that is where Americans first saw them, in France. The British famous dish of “fish and chips” was possibly also introduced from Portugal as the Portuguese have a longer tradition of frying fish and vegetables (like tempura). Potatoes have become such an important food around the world that 350 million tonnes were produced in 2020 with 25% of them grown in China.Tomatoes also have an interesting history, travelling from Mesoamerica (the slim part between North America and South America) to the rest of the world. Imagine a salad or pizza (most pizzas) without tomatoes or a lot of other European foods. However, when tomatoes were introduced to Europe, people would not eat them and only grew them to look pretty in the garden. The reason for this was the belief that tomatoes were poisonous.This blog is too short to explore this topic in any real detail, but it might inspire you to think about where your food is from. We all share one tiny planet in a huge galaxy and an unimaginably big universe. We are lucky we are close enough to each other that we can share ideas, foods, herbs and spices, art, music, and everything that makes us an active member of the human race. And, on a final note, I will end with a quote (possibly from Robert Baden-Powell – founder of the Scouts organisation): “Take nothing but photographs, leave nothing but footprints, and kill nothing but time.”Questions:1. Who introduced curry to Japan?A. IndianB. ChineseC. British2. Where did chilies come from?A. KoreaB. South AmericaC. Portuguese3. Why did Europeans not eat/use tomatoes at first?A. they thought they were poisonousB. they thought they were dirtyC. they did not like things from AmericaScroll down ↓ for the answersAnswers:1. C2. B3. ABBP Staff
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07 .17Kyoto's Five Geisha DistrictsPhoto Credit: Satoshi Hirayama @ PexelsEvery visitor to Kyoto has heard of geiko (the term for geisha in Kyoto) and maiko, but many don’t know where they live. Geiko and maiko live in hanamachi (Flower Towns or geisha districts), and there are five hanamachi in Kyoto. Four are located around the Shijo Kawaramachi intersection in central Kyoto, and the fifth is located about a twenty-minute walk from Ritsumeikan’s Kinugasa campus.The biggest and most famous geisha district is Gion Kobu, which is located very near Yasaka Shrine, mostly to the south of Shijo Dori. Gion Kobu had just under 100 geiko and maiko before the pandemic started, and the numbers have decreased a bit since then. Gion Kobu is well-known throughout Japan and beyond because of Miyako Odori, the Cherry Blossom Dance, held every April 1 – 30. If you have a chance, you should definitely try to see it at least once while you are in Kyoto.The second largest hanamachi is Miyagawa-cho, which is a little west of Gion Kobu, south of the Minamiza-theater, east of the Kamogawa. Miyagawa-cho had about sixty geiko and maiko in 2019. Miyagawa-cho also holds a popular dance in April, Kyo Odori. It usually runs for two weeks. Since the Miyagawa-cho Kaburenjo is smaller than Gion Kobu’s, Kyo Odori is a bit more intimate than Miyako Odori although it as not as famous. Ponto-cho, the third largest district with fifty geiko and maiko, is named after the famous narrow street that is jammed with restaurants and tourists just west of the Kamogawa River. Ponto-cho’s annual dance, the Kamogawa Odori, is named after the river.The final two geisha districts are much smaller than the first three but no less interesting. Gion Higashi, like Gion Kobu, is located very close to Yasaka Shrine, but whereas Gion Kobu is mostly south of Shijo Dori, Gion Higashi is mostly to the north. Gion Higashi is the only one of the five hanamachi that has its main dance in the fall. Gion Odori is held from November 1 – 10 every year at Gion Kaikan, which has operated as a movie theater at other times of the year. If you are on Instagram and are interested in the culture of geiko and maiko, you might want to follow @tomikiku_gionhigashi. Tomikiku is an ochaya (tea house) in Gion Higashi, and the proprietress speaks English. All the posts are in Japanese and English and feature behind-the-scenes photos that you won’t see in many other places.Kamishichiken is the oldest hanamachi in Kyoto and the closest to Ritsumeikan. It is located next to Kitano Tenmangu Shrine. Both Gion Higashi and Kamishiciken have less than thirty geiko and maiko in their districts. Kamishichiken’s main dance is Kitano Odori, which begins at the end of March. Because Kamishichiken is located quite far from central Kyoto, it is the quietest. There are not as many tourists roaming the streets, which makes for a very pleasant experience.Questions:1. Miyako Odori is the first major dance held every year. True False2. Gion Higashi is bigger than Gion Kobu. True False3. Both Miyagawa-cho and Ponto-cho are located adjacent to the Kamogawa. True FalseScroll down ↓ for the answersAnswers:1. False (Kitano Odori begins at the end of March)2. False (Gion Kobu is the largest)3. TrueFoster John Paul
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06 .26Let it BePhoto Credit: John Hain @ PixabayEvery evening at 17:45, the temple bell rings at centuries old Daitokuji Temple near my house. When I take a walk, I listen to the great bell and feel a sense of inner peace. As the bell rings and vibrates like a rising and falling ocean wave, I cannot help but soften my cadence. In my steps, I find myself meditating almost like the monk in a blue robe who I met one day in front of a Kyoto Tofu store.It was a rainy afternoon. I went for my usual walk and got caught in the passing drizzle. I did not have an umbrella. I hastened my steps and with a crinkly nose and uplifted tense shoulders, I was almost in a small jog. I hated getting wet and I irritably looked ahead as my hair slowly plastered onto my forehead. In front of me I saw a figure. A straight back. Shoulders wide. Long legs stretching out of a blue robe of linen. Bare feet wearing zori Japanese sandals. The monks head was clean shaven. Disregarding the sudden drizzle, he walked ahead as if there was no hurry or rush, never changing his steps to the happening of the moment – a drizzle slowly turning into a generous pour. He was carrying a blue shopping bag made out of the same material as his dress. He stooped low and entered the Tofu store. “Momen icho onegaishimasu,” said the monk in a calm tone. Rain water was dripping from his shaved head, his robe heavily clung onto his body. “Hai yo.” The elderly tofu-maker responded. Exchanging money for product, the monk gently put the tofu into his blue bag and walked on. I raced quickly to be at his side.Surprisingly the monk was a Westerner from Iowa. He had been living in Japan for more than 10 years and was training at Daitokuji temple. “How can you walk so calmly, never changing your cadence in the rain?” I asked as I peered sideways as the rain was rolling into my eyes and fogging my glasses. “Let the rain do its thing.” The monk asked where I was from and what I was doing in Kyoto. As we continued our small-talk, getting to know more of each other, the rain turned into a slow drizzle once again. We parted ways, he, back to his temple and I on to my house. “Let the rain do its thing…” “Let it…” I thought to myself “What a funny answer this was…”. When I got home, I dried myself off and quickly filled my bathtub with hot water. I gladly peeled off my wet clothes and welcomed the warm soothing water. I worked up the shampoo bubbles into my scalp. The unpleasant unexpected rain, the comforting soothing water, and the fresh lemony scent of my surroundings. “Let it…” I smiled.Questions:1) Who did the main character meet and how?2) Where did the monk come from?3) What did the monk mean by "Let the rain do its thing"?4) Why did the main character smile?Scroll down ↓ for the answersAnswers:1. The main character met a monk in the rain.2. The monk came from Iowa in the United States of America.3. There is a reason for everything.4. The rain did its thing and made the main character enjoy the comfort of a bath.Jackie Kim-Wachutka
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06 .05Have you ever been to Baltimore?Photo Credit: Brendan Beale @ Unsplash.comI’m from Baltimore, and I proudly use every opportunity to share about my hometown whenever I can. Baltimore is just the 30th largest city in the United States, so it may be an unfamiliar destination to many people. However, Baltimore, which is home to over half a million people, is one of the oldest cities in the United States with a rich history as well as boasting many attractions and places of entertainment.History of BaltimoreBaltimore was one of the first major cities to develop in the United States and as a result, there are many historical buildings and structures in Baltimore. In fact, close to one third of all buildings in Baltimore are designated historical structures. Cobbled stone streets, colonial style architecture, and row houses that are hundreds of years old are a very common sight in Baltimore. Other than its large supply of historic buildings, Baltimore also holds a famous place in U.S. history as the birthplace of the U.S. national anthem. The lyrics to the U.S. national anthem, known as the "The Star-Spangled Banner,” were famously written in Baltimore in 1812 by Francis Scott Key, an American lawyer, after he was moved by the sight of the American flag proudly waving in the Baltimore Harbor during the War of 1812. Baltimore is also famous for being the birthplace of Babe Ruth, nicknamed the “The Great Bambino,” who is widely considered to be the greatest baseball player of all time.Attractions and Entertainment of BaltimoreBaltimore has many sights of attractions and entertainment. The city has two major professional sports teams, a Major League Baseball team, the Baltimore Orioles, and a National Football League team, the Baltimore Ravens. Both sports teams, which are hugely popular and play in large stadiums close to downtown Baltimore, are a big source of pride for Baltimore residents and residents wearing their teams’ jerseys, hats, coats, logos, and colors is a common sight.The other major attraction of Baltimore is its strong connection to the sea and water. The Baltimore Inner Harbor, for example, is a popular tourist attraction and pedestrian friendly waterfront with many shops and seafood restaurants. If you visit any of the restaurants at the Baltimore Inner Harbor, you can order a “crab cake,” which is a type of fishcake made with crab meat, breadcrumbs, and mayonnaise. “Crab cakes,” which are said to originate from various fish markets around Baltimore, are a very popular food eaten all over the city. At the Baltimore Inner Harbor, you can also visit the Baltimore Aquarium, which is one of the most extensive aquariums in the United States, with over 17,000 species of animals.Finally, another major attraction is a group of four historic ships docked in the Inner Harbor that were built between 1853 to 1944 and are fully accessible to the public as a maritime museum. If you have a chance, I definitely recommend that you visit Baltimore!Questions:1. How many people live in Baltimore?2. What happened in Baltimore in 1812?3. What popular food can you eat in Baltimore?Scroll down ↓ for the answersAnswers:1. 500,000 people2. The lyrics to the U.S. national anthem, known as the "The Star-Spangled Banner,” were written by Francis Scott Key after he was moved by the sight of the American flag in the Baltimore Harbor.3. Crab cakesAlexander Sheffrin
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05 .22Seven Hours to the Beach
Photo Credit: マサコ アーント @ pixabay
One cheap way to get to the beach in Japan is to fly with Peach Airlines from Kansai International Airport to Ishigaki Island in Okinawa. In March, I flew round trip for ¥15,000, and with a bargain deal on a new hotel with a free breakfast for ¥6,000, the choice to see the ocean before school started was an easy one over a weekend stay in an urban setting in Tokyo.
After exiting the new airport on Ishigaki even with a Starbucks cafe, I took a city bus 15 minutes to my hotel in front of the new Intercontinental ANA Resort Hotel and walked to the beach in 5 minutes. Without a car, I had to take a bus around the island. The main gem of a beach is called Kabira with clear, clean water and star-shaped grains of sand. It was an undeveloped beach in a pure state, very peaceful and beautiful. That is in contrast to the downtown area with many izakayas serving Orion beer and souvenir shops selling ceramic shisa figurines. Almost all of the homes in Okinawa have a pair of shisa dragons on the roof or at the entrance. One of the shisa has an open mouth beckoning for good fortune to enter, while the other one has a closed mouth to expel bad fortune. These figures are seen everywhere as spiritual guardians.
The other lyrical touch that I appreciated was constantly hearing the music of the sanshin, I guess Hawaii’s counterpart being the ukulele.
The vibe down there is mellow, and it is a place that needs more tourists to survive economically. This is a great place for students since the costs are low and the warm weather will make it easy to pack a light carry-on suitcase.
Questions:
1) What musical instrument is heard on Ishigaki Island?
A - ukulele
B – sanshin
C – guitar
2) What is special about the sand on Kabira Beach?
A – it has gold in it
B – it smells good
C – there are star-shaped grains of sand
3) What Okinawan figure/decoration/guardian is also connected with luck inside and outside the house?
A – Setsubun
B – Maneki Neko
C – Shisa
Scroll down ↓ for the answers
Answers:
1) B
2) C
3) C
Jane Ward -
02 .27An Old Way of Life - Living in an Alaskan Logging CampCould you live an isolated existence devoid of the Internet, television and radio reception, cars, telephones, streets, and stores? As a child, I did just that.
Half a century ago, when I was nine and ten years old, I lived in a remote part of Alaska called Coffman Cove, which had a population of less than one-hundred people. Coffman Cove was a logging camp and the only way to get there was either by boat or by seaplane. Most people who inhabited Coffman Cove were either loggers or the family of loggers. I lived there with my mother, who was the schoolteacher, and my four siblings.
It would be easy to think that a place like Coffman Cove would be a boring place to live. Indeed, when my mother first announced that we would be moving there, I was sad because I knew I would no longer be able to watch reruns of Star Trek, which was a popular science fiction television show. However, life in Coffman Cove proved to be amazing.
Every Sunday morning, a barge brought supplies and food to the various logging camps that dotted the island, including my town. People would gather at the dock to pick up what they had ordered. Often the grocery store that sent us our food would rip off the covers of various comic books and pack the comics in with our goods. At the time, nothing seemed better than free comic books.
I would often go into the woods to play. My friends and I would build forts and set up our own kingdoms. We would make wooden swords and defend our land.
In the summer months, I picked wild blueberries and raspberries from the numerous bushes found in the woods. My dog would often accompany me and eat the blueberries right off the bushes. After picking berries for an hour or two, I would bring a bucket of them back home and my mother would use them to make pies and pancakes.
Fishing was another activity I enjoyed. Most families in Coffman Cove owned small boats. We would take the boats several miles from shore and fish for salmon and halibut. Every year, there was a contest to see who could catch the largest salmon.
In the summer, my brother and I would sit on the dock and watch the sun set at midnight over the inlet, which was framed by mountains. Memories of those sunsets still make me smile.
The quiet life also afforded much time alone. I would often read books to entertain myself, which made me into an avid reader. My love of reading persists to this day.
Unfortunately, with modern technology, life in Coffman Cove has changed. All the logging camps have been connected by roads, and now there are satellite dishes so people can watch TV. However, I still look back on those years and realize that my generation was the last one to experience a way of life in Alaska that doesn’t exist anymore.
Photo Credit: Chris Newsom@pexels.com
Blog Quiz
Q1: What was unusual about Coffman Cove?
Q2: How did food and supplies get to the camp?
Q3: Name four activities the author enjoyed doing.
Scroll down ↓ for the answers to the quiz.
Quiz Answers
Q1. It was a remote logging camp that did not have television or radio reception, cars, telephones, streets, and stores
Q2. By barge
Q3. Playing in the woods; picking berries; fishing; and readingRex Arthur Stewart -
02 .20Multilingual Learning Challenge - Still on the Way
My interest in foreign countries has not been really traveling but experiencing and feeling different perspectives and ways of thinking in life: understanding different cultural aspects, communicating in the local language, and meeting people in new environments. For me, these are the reasons for exploring or learning foreign languages.
I’ve always thought it would be nice if I could speak multiple languages. I was interested in what kind of person I would be if I could manage several languages. When I was younger, right after I started working in Japan, I made up my mind without hesitation to live abroad. I was expecting to live in a European country one day, so I started preparing and learning German (because I learned some German at university) in addition to English by myself.
I finally got a chance to do an internship at an international hotel in Belgium. Therefore, I started to learn French a few months before my departure so that I could work there in French. Of course, it was not easy without speaking proper or professional French, and it certainly was an unforgettable struggle at that time. However, after my internship for 6 months, I kept challenging and finally this experience inspired me to move on to the next stage. I worked for other company/organization using both English and French, and eventually I spent nearly 12 years of my life in Belgium.
Perhaps the lesson from this experience is that I would say that my curiosity about learning a foreign language brought me unexpected value. Certainly, the emphasis is not merely on perfect language acquisition. So, for myself, in terms of "speaking", "listening", "writing", and "reading", each foreign language has its different level. However, I can say that I am fascinated by learning new languages, and that this new experience enriched my way of thinking about my own life. I always look forward to opportunities to start learning other languages (they are on my checklist) because I feel that this multilingual learning challenge is a great opportunity to change myself and to discover new values and experiences in my life.
Photo Credit: Anna Tarazevich@pexels.com
Blog Quiz
Q1. What is the topic of this essay?
Q2. According to the author, what inspired her to start learning French?
Q3. According to the author, what does it mean to have an opportunity to learn a new language?
Scroll down ↓ for the answers to the quiz.
Quiz Answers
Q1. The essay discusses the challenges of multilingual learning and the value the author received from her own experience.
Q2. The author started learning French in preparation for her internship in Belgium.
Q3. Learning and exploring a new language is a great chance to change yourself and discover new values and experiences in your life.
Emi Shibuya -
11 .07Have you heard of Mirei Shigemori?
At Ritsumeikan, we are very fortunate because two of the most famous temples in Kyoto, Kinkaku-ji and Ryoan-ji, are just a few minutes walk from our campus. As most people know, Kinkaku-ji is famous for the Golden Pavilion, and Ryoan-ji is famous for its karesansui garden. In English, karesansui gardens are known as dry landscape gardens or Zen gardens.
There are many famous dry landscape gardens in Kyoto, and many of them, like Ryoan-ji, were made hundreds of years ago. However, did you know that some of the most famous Zen gardens in Kyoto were made less than a hundred years ago? And they were designed by the same person? Do you know who that person is?
The answer is Mirei Shigemori (1896-1975). Shigemori studied traditional Japanese culture growing up, including flower arrangement, tea ceremony, and philosophy. However, his gardens are famous for being a mixture of the traditional and modern. He designed more than 200 gardens, including many at temples and shrines, both in Kyoto and in other places in Japan.
He thought gardens are art forms like painting and sculpture. In fact, one of his disciples said that Shigemori viewed gardens as works of art, not living environments. In fact, some of his gardens were influenced by the paintings of famous European artists, such as Kandinsky, Matisse, and Mondrian.
Some of Mirei Shigemori’s most famous gardens in Kyoto are at Tofuku-ji; Zuiho-in, a sub-temple of Daitoku-ji; and Matsuo Taisha Shrine. All of these gardens are quite unique.
At Tofuku-ji, he designed both the “Garden of the Big Dipper” and the “Garden of Eight Phases.” The “Garden of the Big Dipper” is based on the constellation the Big Dipper, and Shigemori used seven columns taken from the temple’s outhouse to represent the stars in the constellation. The “Garden of Eight Phases” is named after the eight phases in the life of the Buddha and features stones that represent islands in a sea of white gravel.
At Zuiho-in, Shigemori made the “Garden of the Solitary Meditation” and the “Quietly Sleeping Garden.” Both are Zen gardens, but the design of the “Quietly Sleeping Garden” takes inspiration from Christianity, not Buddhism. In the garden, there are seven stones that form the shape of a cross. Shigemori designed the garden this way because Otomo Yoshishige, the founder of Zuiho-in, was baptized as a Christian.
Mirei’s last masterpiece, the “Garden of Ancient Times,” can be found at Matsuo Taisha Shrine. The design is quite simple, with only stones and bamboo grass, but it is quite modern and beautiful. If you’d like to know why, I suggest you visit the shrine and see for yourself!
If you are at all interested in traditional Japanese culture, these gardens are well worth a visit, whether you are a Japanese or international student. These gardens are great places to learn about culture, but also wonderful places to just sit quietly and relax without having to think about anything, especially your classes!
Blog Quiz
True or False?
Q1. Mirei Shigemori was a Christian.
Q2. Mirei Shigemori used pieces of a temple bathroom in a garden design.
Q3. Mirei Shigemori designed the gardens at 20 different temples and shrines in Japan.
Scroll down ↓ for the answers to the quiz.
Quiz Answers
Q1. False
Q2. True
Q3. False
John Paul Foster